{"id":1751,"date":"2013-10-22T02:22:00","date_gmt":"2013-10-22T02:22:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/prinzandreas.com\/?page_id=1751"},"modified":"2024-03-26T00:05:51","modified_gmt":"2024-03-25T23:05:51","slug":"scg-united-kingdom","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/prinzandreas.com\/scg-united-kingdom\/","title":{"rendered":"SCG – UNITED KINGDOM"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
<\/div><\/section>\n<\/section>\n

HOUSE OF SAXE-COBURG AND GOTHA<\/h5>
<\/div><\/div><\/p>\n

\"Wappen_Sachsen_Coburg_Gotha\"<\/p>\n

The House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (in German, Haus Sachsen Coburg und Gotha) is a German dynasty, in particular, the line of the Saxon House of Wettin that ruled the Ernestine duchies, including the duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.<\/p>\n

Although the House of Coburg reaches back in history to the 1400s, we start our family tree in the latter half of the 18th century with Franz Friedrich Anton, the sixth Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (from 1826 on, the house was called Saxe-Coburg and Gotha). Through the first marriage of Ernst, Franz Anton\u2019s eldest son, to Luise Princess of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, the house acquired considerably more territory and importance. The descendants of Franz Friedrich Anton were at the top of several European monarchies. Members of their successor families are currently heads of government in many countries: Belgium through the descendants of King L\u00e9opold I, and in the Commonwealth realm through the descendants of Prince Consort Albert. Due to anti-German sentiment in the United Kingdom during World War I, King George V of the United Kingdom and Ireland changed the name of his branch from \u201cSaxe-Coburg and Gotha\u201d to \u201cWindsor\u201d in 1917. The same happened in Belgium, where it became \u201cvan Belgi\u00eb\u201d or \u201cde Belgique.\u201d<\/p>\n

<\/div><\/p>\n\n
\n

\n

Franz Friedrich Anton<\/h3>\n

Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, Duke of Saxony\u00a0(since 1800)<\/h4>\n
<\/div>\n

(Coburg, 15 July 1750 \u2013 Coburg, 9 December 1806)<\/em>
\nFranz Friedrich Anton had to take over a practically ruined duchy. But he was a very talented man and \u2013 despite of his lack of money \u2013 started to collect engravings of the most excelling artists between the 15th and 18th century, thus founding the Coburg Collection of Graphics with its today\u2019s 220.000 pieces of art. He is a patrilinear ancestor of Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, King Philippe of the Belgians and former tsar Simeon II (1943 \u2013 1946 during the monarchy) and prime minister of Bulgaria (between 2001 and 2005).<\/p>\n

Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (till 1800)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n

\n

\n

Auguste Karoline Sophie<\/h3>\n

Duchess of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, Duchess of Saxony (since 1800)<\/h4>\n
<\/div>\n

(Saalburg-Ebersdorf, 19 January 1757 \u2013 Coburg, 16 November 1831)<\/em>
\nAuguste had ten children, born between 1778 and 1792. One was stillborn and two died during their childhood. The other seven were married to European high nobility and these marriages were arranged under strong personal care. Auguste was the maternal grandmother of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom and Ireland and the paternal grandmother of Albert, Prince Consort.<\/p>\n

Princess Reuss<\/strong><\/em>
\nPrincess of Ebersdorf<\/em><\/strong>
\nPrincess of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, Duchess of Saxony (since 1777)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n

\n

\n

Ernst<\/h3>\n

Ernst I Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duke of Saxony (since 1826)<\/h4>\n
<\/div>\n5<\/span>\n

(Coburg, 2 January 1784 \u2013 Gotha, 29 January 1844)<\/em>
\nWhen Ernst (Ernst Anton Carl Ludwig) succeeded his father in 1806, Duke Ernst III\u2019s country \u2013 Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld \u2013 was under French control. Ernst already had to fight against Napol\u00e9on as a general of the Prussians. The peace of Tilsit in 1807 enabled the young duke to get back his territories, having the Russians on his side. His sister Juliane was married to Konstantin, the brother of Alexander I Tsar of Russia. After the Congress of Vienna and its hence resulting gain of territory which Ernst should sell to Prussia years later, he could achieve Gotha that belonged to the territory of his former wife. Now he became Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. He proved to be a patron of arts and sciences and the first German sovereign to rebuild castles in a romantic neo-Gothic style, embedded in parks of British landscape style. His younger brother Leopold (Georg Christian Friedrich) was later elected the first King of the Belgians.<\/p>\n

Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld<\/strong><\/em>
\nErnst III (last sovereign) Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, Duke of Saxony (since 1806)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n

<\/div>\n

The first Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha was Ernst I, who ruled the duchy from 1826 until his death in 1844. He had previously been Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (as Ernst III) from 1806 until the duchy was reorganized in 1826. Ernst\u2019s younger brother L\u00e9opold became King of the Belgians in 1831, and his descendants continue to serve as Belgian heads of state. L\u00e9opold\u2019s only daughter, Princess Charlotte of Belgium, was the consort of Maximilian I of Mexico, known as the Empress Carlota of Mexico, in the 1860s. Ernst\u2019s nephew Ferdinand married Queen Maria II of Portugal, and his descendants continued to rule Portugal until that country became a republic in 1910.<\/p>\n

Duke Ernst I\u2019s second son, Prince Albert (1819\u20131861), married Queen Victoria in 1840, and thus is the progenitor of the United Kingdom\u2019s current royal family, called \u201cWindsor\u201d since 1917. In 1826, a cadet branch of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha inherited the Hungarian princely estate of Koh\u00e1ry, and converted to Roman Catholicism. Its family members managed to marry an Imperial Princess of Brazil, an Archduchess of Austria, a Royal Princess of \u201cthe French,\u201d a Royal Princess of Belgium and a Royal Princess of Saxony. [A scion of this branch, also named Ferdinand, a Prince, and then Tsar of Bulgaria, Ferdinand\u2019s descendants continued to rule in Bulgaria until 1946. The current Head of the House of Bulgaria, the former Tsar Simeon II, was deposed and exiled during World War II, but returned to serve as Bulgaria\u2019s Prime Minister from 2001 to 2005.<\/p>\n

The Ducal House consisted of all male-line descendants of Franz Friedrich Anton, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, legitimately born of an equal marriage, males and females (the latter until their marriage), their wives in equal and authorized marriages, and their widows until remarriage. According to the House law of the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, the full title of the Duke was:<\/p>\n

Ernst, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, J\u00fclich, Cleves and Berg, also Angria and Westphalia, Landgrave in Thuringia, Margrave of Meissen, Princely Count of Henneberg, Count of the Mark and Ravensberg, Lord of Ravenstein and Tonna, et cetera.<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

<\/h1>\n

Ernst I Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha,<\/span><\/h1>\n

Duke of Saxony<\/span><\/h1>\n
<\/div>\n
\n
\n
<\/div>\n

Portrait of Ernst I Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha<\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
<\/div>\n
\n

\n

Ernst<\/h3>\n

Ernst I Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duke of Saxony (since 1826)<\/h4>\n
<\/div>\n

(Coburg, 2 January 1784 \u2013 Gotha, 29 January 1844)<\/em>
\nWhen Ernst (Ernst Anton Carl Ludwig) succeeded his father in 1806, Duke Ernst III\u2019s country \u2013 Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld \u2013 was under French control. Ernst already had to fight against Napol\u00e9on as a general of the Prussians. The peace of Tilsit in 1807 enabled the young duke to get back his territories, having the Russians on his side. His sister Juliane was married to Konstantin, the brother of Alexander I Tsar of Russia. After the Congress of Vienna and its hence resulting gain of territory which Ernst should sell to Prussia years later, he could achieve Gotha that belonged to the territory of his former wife. Now he became Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. He proved to be a patron of arts and sciences and the first German sovereign to rebuild castles in a romantic neo-Gothic style, embedded in parks of British landscape style. His younger brother Leopold (Georg Christian Friedrich) was later elected the first King of the Belgians.<\/p>\n

Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld<\/strong><\/em>
\nErnst III (last sovereign) Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, Duke of Saxony (since 1806)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n

\n
<\/div>\n
\n

Luise<\/h3>\n

Duchess of Saxony (since 1826)<\/h4>\n
<\/div>\n1<\/span><\/span>\n

(Gotha, 21 December 1800 \u2013 Paris, 30 August 1831)<\/em>
\nPrincess Luise (Dorothea Pauline Charlotte Fredericka Auguste) was the only daughter of Augustus, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg and his first wife Louise Charlotte of Mecklenburg Schwerin, daughter of Friedrich Franz I, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Princess Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg. She was the first wife of Ernst I Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld and the mother of Duke Ernst II and Prince Albert, husband of Queen Victoria.<\/p>\n

Princess of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg<\/em><\/strong>
\nDuchess of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, Duchess of Saxony (1817 – 1826)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Issue:<\/em><\/p>\n

Ernst II Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duke of Saxony<\/em><\/strong>
\nAlbert Prince Consort of the United Kingdom<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n

\n
<\/div>\n
\n

Marie<\/h3>\n

Duchess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duchess of Saxony (since 1832)<\/h4>\n
<\/div>\n2<\/span><\/span>\n

(Coburg, 17 September 1799 \u2013 Gotha, 24 September 1860)<\/em>
\nMarie (Antoinette Friederike Auguste Anna) was a daughter of Alexander Duke of Wurttemberg and Antoinette Princess of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld. She spent several years of her childhood in Russia, but always felt like a German princess and was greatly influenced by her grandmother Auguste. When she married Ernst I, her uncle, she became Duchess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. She never had her own children, but was a well-meaning stepmother to Duke Ernst II and Prince Albert.<\/p>\n

Princess of W\u00fcrttemberg<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n

\n
\n

Ernst<\/h3>\n

Ernst II Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duke of Saxony (since 1844)<\/h4>\n
<\/div>\n1<\/span>\n

(Coburg, 21 June 1818 \u2013 Reinhardsbrunn near Gotha, 22 August 1893)<\/em>
\nErnst was the first son of Ernst I. The education of Duke Ernst II (Ernst August Karl Johann L\u00e9opold Alexander Eduard) was influenced by his uncle L\u00e9opold I, King of the Belgians. After the revolution of 1848 he achieved liberal reform, and a common constitution for the two duchies. He was instrumental in founding the predecessor of today\u2019s Social Democratic Party, and was the patron of a sport-shooting association, gymnastic tournaments, and singing competitions that still exist today. He was especially fond of theatre and admired Richard Wagner, even composing an opera of his own.<\/p>\n

Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n

\n
<\/div><\/div>\n

Albert<\/h3>\n

Prince Consort of the United Kingdom (since 1840)<\/h4>\n
<\/div>\n2<\/span>\n

(Rosenau Castle near Coburg, 26 August 1819 \u2013 Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England, 14 December 1861)<\/em>
\nThe education of Prince Albert (Francis Albert Augustus Charles Emmanuel; later The Prince Consort) was scrutinized by his uncle, King L\u00e9opold I of the Belgians, who also arranged his marriage at age 20 to his first cousin, Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom and Ireland. The couple would ultimately have nine children. He would become the most important adviser to the Queen, with a strong commitment to social responsibility and a keen interest in science. He originated the first World Exposition in 1851 in London.<\/p>\n

Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duke of Saxony<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n

\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n[\/three_col_col3]\n
<\/div>\n

Albert, Prince Consort<\/span><\/h1>\n
<\/div>\n
\n
\n
<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<\/section>\n

Victoria\u2019s family in 1846 by Franz Xaver Winterhalter left to right: Prince Alfred and the Prince of Wales; the Queen and Prince Albert; Princesses Alice, Helena, and Victoria<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n
\n
\n

Albert<\/h3>\n

Prince Consort of Great Britain and Ireland (since 1840)<\/h4>\n
<\/div>\n

(Rosenau Castle near Coburg, 26 August 1819 \u2013 Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England, 14 December 1861)<\/em>
\nThe education of Prince Albert (Francis Albert Augustus Charles Emmanuel; later The Prince Consort) was scrutinized by his uncle, King L\u00e9opold I of the Belgians, who also arranged his marriage at age 20 to his first cousin, Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom and Ireland. The couple would ultimately have nine children. He would become the most important adviser to the Queen, with a strong commitment to social responsibility and a keen interest in science. He originated the first World Exposition in 1851 in London.<\/p>\n

Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duke of Saxony<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n

\n
\n

Victoria<\/h3>\n

Queen of the United Kingdom (since 1837), Empress of India (since 1876)<\/h4>\n
<\/div>\n

(Kensington Palace, London, 24 May 1819 \u2013 Osborne House, Isle of Wight, 22 January 1901)<\/em>
\nVictoria (Alexandrina Victoria) was the daughter of a German mother Victoria Princess of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld and Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, son of King George III. King George and Victoria\u2019s father died in 1820 and the child was brought up under the influence of her mother. As the three elder brothers of her father died without leaving legitimate children, she inherited the British throne. Her reign, the Victorian era, lasted for more than 63 years. It was an \u00e9poque of great industrial, cultural and scientific input with effects on political and military changes.<\/p>\n

Princess of the United Kingdom<\/em><\/strong>
\nHeiress apparent of the United Kingdom (since 1830)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n

\n
\n

Edward<\/h3>\n

Edward VII King of the United Kingdom, King of the British Dominions
\nEmperor of India (since 1901)<\/h4>\n
<\/div>\n2<\/span>\n

(Buckingham Palace, London, 9 November 1841 \u2013 Buckingham Palace, 6 May 1910)<\/em>
\nDuring her lifetime, his mother, Queen Victoria, prevented him from taking active parts in politics. Before Edward\u2019s accession to the throne, he served as heir apparent and held the title of Prince of Wales for longer than any of his predecessors. He also had the titles of Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Duke of Saxony, but renounced to the succession rights to the German Duchy in 1863. His tour to India and the unknown way he treated people the same, regardless of their social status or colour, was at least supporting the idea of giving the title of Empress of India to his mother.<\/p>\n

Prince of the United Kingdom<\/strong><\/em>
\nPrince of Wales, Earl of Chester (since 1841)<\/strong><\/em>
\nDuke of Cornwall, Duke of Rothesay<\/strong><\/em>
\nHereditary Prince of the United Kingdom<\/strong><\/em>
\nPrince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duke of Saxony<\/strong><\/em>
\nEarl of Dublin (since 1850)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n

<\/div>\n
\n
\n

Victoria<\/h3>\n

The Empress Frederick (since 1888)<\/h4>\n
<\/div>\n1<\/span>\n

(Buckingham Palace, London, 21 November 1840 \u2013 Friedrichshof Castle, Kronberg, Taunus, Germany, 5 August 1901)<\/em>
\nVictoria (Victoria Adelaide Mary Louisa) was created\u00a0Princess Royal in 1841 because she was the first child. Her education was closely supervised by her parents: she learned German and French and was highly educated in science, literature, Latin, history, politics, and philosophy. To her family she was known simply as \u201cVicky.\u201d\u00a0At the age of seventeen she married Prince Friedrich who became Crown Prince of Prussia on the death of his childless uncle King Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia. After the death of his father, King Friedrich III died with throat cancer after reigning 99 days. From then on Victoria was known simply as Her Imperial Majesty The Empress Frederick.<\/p>\n

Princess of the United Kingdom<\/strong><\/em>
\n Princess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duchess of Saxony<\/strong><\/em>
\nThe Princess Royal (since 1841) of the United Kingdom<\/strong><\/em>
\n Crown Princess of Prussia (since 1861)<\/strong><\/em>
\n Queen of Prussia and German Empress (since 1888)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n

\n
\n

Alice<\/h3>\n

Grand Duchess of Hesse and by Rhine (since 1877)<\/h4>\n
<\/div>\n3<\/span>\n

(Buckingham Palace, London, 25 April 1843 \u2013 Darmstadt, Hesse, 14 December 1878)<\/em>
\nAlice (Alice Maud Mary) Princess of Great Britain and Ireland was very compassionate. She took care of her dying grandmother and father and was a comfort to her mourning mother, Queen Victoria who was in great distress by the early death of her husband, Albert. When Alice married Prince Louis of Hesse, she was given away by her father\u2019s brother, Ernst II., Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. She had seven children, one of them, Alexandra Feodorovna, became the Tsarina of Russia. Alice is the the last\u00a0Viceroy of India, maternal great-grandmother of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh and Consort of Queen Elisabeth II.<\/p>\n

Princess of the United Kingdom<\/strong><\/em>
\nPrincess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duchess of Saxony<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n

\n
\n

Alfred<\/h3>\n

Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duke of Saxony (since 1893)<\/h4>\n
<\/div>\n4<\/span>\n

(Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England, 6 August 1844 \u2013 Rosenau Castle near Coburg, 30 July 1900)<\/em>
\nAlfred (Alfred Ernest Albert) spent much of his life sailing the seas as an officer of the Royal Navy, achieving the title of \u201cAdmiral of the Fleet\u201d \u2013 until he succeeded his paternal uncle Ernst II as the reigning Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha in the German Empire. He was an amateur collector of Venetian and other historical glass pieces that can be seen at the art collections of the Veste Coburg. (KG, KT, KP, GCB, GCSI, GCMG, GCIE, GCVO, PC)<\/p>\n

Prince of the United Kingdom, Earl of Ulster, Earl of Kent<\/em><\/strong>
\nDuke of Edinburgh (since 1866)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n

<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\n
\n

Helena<\/h3>\n

Princess Christian (since 1917)<\/h4>\n
<\/div>\n5<\/span>\n

(Buckingham Palace, London, 25 May 1846 \u2013 Schomberg House, London, 9 June 1923)<\/em>
\nHelena (Helena Augusta Victoria) was allowed to marry Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein, only because the couple agreed to live in Buckingham Palace near her mother, Queen Victoria. Her husband was fifteen years older than Helena and from a non-wealthy family compared to the British monarchy. Helena served as her mother\u2019s private secretary and was very engaged in representing the royals in public affairs. She was one of the founding members of the Red Cross in Britain. When King George V dropped all the German styles and titles in 1917, she became Princess Christian.<\/p>\n

Princess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duchess of Saxony
\nPrincess of the United Kingdom<\/em><\/strong>
\nPrincess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein (since 1866)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n

\n
\n

Louise<\/h3>\n

Duchess of Argyll (since 1900)<\/h4>\n
<\/div>\n6<\/span>\n

(Buckingham Palace, London, 18 March 1848 \u2013 Kensington Palace, London, 3 December 1939)<\/em>
\nLouise (Louise Caroline Alberta) was named after her grandmother in her honour. She was said to be the most beautiful and the most talented of the Queen\u2019s daughters. She fell in love with John, Marquess of Lorne and heir to the Duke of Argyll. Until her marriage in 1871, she was a secretary to Queen Victoria, who did not want to let her go. In opposition to her mother, she supported liberal ideals and the feminist movement. In 1878 her husband was appointed Governor General of Canada and she became Vice Regal Consort. The couple remained childless.<\/p>\n

Princess of the United Kingdom<\/strong><\/em>
\n Princess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duchess of Saxony<\/strong><\/em>
\nMarchioness of Lorne (1871 \u2013 1900)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n

\n
\n

Arthur<\/h3>\n

1st Duke of Connaught and Strathearn, Earl of Sussex (since 1874)<\/h4>\n
<\/div>\n7<\/span>\n

(Buckingham Palace, London, 1 May 1850 \u2013 Bagshot Park, Surrey, England, 16 January 1942)<\/em>
\nPrince Arthur (Arthur William Patrick Albert) was the third son of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. He was granted the title of the 1st Duke of Connaught and Strathearn (named after a province of Ireland) by the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Arthur was educated by private tutors before entering the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich at the age of 16. He served in the British Army for some 40 years where he performed military as well as royal duties in different countries. His nephew, King George V, appointed him Governor General of Canada in 1911, where he served as Viceroy until 1916, the tenth since the Canadian Confederation. (KG, KT, KP, GCMG, GCSI, GCIE, GCVO, GCB, GBE, PC)<\/p>\n

Prince of the United Kingdom<\/strong><\/em>
\n Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duke of Saxony<\/strong><\/em>
\nThe Prince Arthur (1850 \u2013 1874)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n

<\/div>\n
\n
\n

Leopold<\/h3>\n

Duke of Albany, Earl of Clarence, Baron Arklow (since 1881)<\/h4>\n
<\/div>\n8<\/span>\n

(Buckingham Palace, London, 7 April 1853 \u2013 Cannes, France, 28 March 1884)<\/em>
\nThe Prince Leopold (Leopold George Duncan Albert) was named after his grand-uncle, King L\u00e9opold I of the Belgians. He suffered from hemophilia, which he inherited from his mother, and was thus incapable of pursuing a military career and became a patron of the arts and literature. He died at the age of 30 from his disease, before the birth of his son, Prince Charles Edward, Duke of Albany, who succeeded as reigning Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha in 1900. Charle Edward was deprived of his British peerage in 1917 by King George V for bearing arms against the United Kingdom in World War I. Through Charles Edward, the maternal grandfather, L\u00e9opold is the great-grandfather of Carl XVI Gustaf, the current King of Sweden. (KG, KT, GCStJ, GCMG, GCSI)<\/p>\n

Prince of United Kingdom<\/strong><\/em>
\n Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duke of Saxony<\/strong><\/em>
\nThe Prince Leopold (1853 \u2013 1881)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n

\n
\n

Beatrice<\/h3>\n

Princess Henry (1917 \u2013 1944)<\/h4>\n
<\/div>\n9<\/span>\n

(Buckingham Palace, London, 14 April 1857 \u2013 Brantridge Park, Sussex, 26 October 1944)<\/em>
\nPrincess Beatrice (Beatrice Mary Victoria Fedora) succeeded her sisters Alice, Helena, and Louise in being a close companion and secretary to her mother. She was the youngest and the last of Queen Victoria\u2019s children to die, 66 years after her sister Alice. Queen Victoria agreed to her marriage with Henry, Prince of Battenberg, but only on condition that Beatrice and Henry would make their home with her and that Beatrice would continue her duties. To compensate Henry for giving up his German commitments in order to stay with his wife, the Queen made him Governor of the Isle of Wight in 1889. He died of Malaria seven years later. After his death, Queen Victoria made Beatrice governor (1896 \u2013 1944). The couple had four children. King Juan Carlos of Spain is their great-grandson. After the death of her mother, Beatrice devoted the next 30 years to editing Queen Victoria\u2019s journals as her designated literary executor and continued to make public appearances.<\/p>\n

Princess of the United Kingdom <\/em><\/strong>
\nPrincess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duchess of Saxony<\/em><\/strong>
\nThe Princess Beatrice (1857 \u2013 1885)<\/em><\/strong>
\nPrincess Henry of Battenberg (1885 \u2013 1917)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n

\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n

Edward VII<\/span>
\n<\/span><\/h1>\n

King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions<\/span><\/h2>\n
<\/div>\n
\n
\n
<\/div>\n

King Edward VII<\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n

Edward<\/h3>\n

Edward VII King of the United Kingdom, King of the British Dominions
\nEmperor of India (since 1901)<\/h4>\n
<\/div>\n

(Buckingham Palace, London, 9 November 1841 \u2013 Buckingham Palace, 6 May 1910)<\/em>
\nDuring her lifetime, his mother, Queen Victoria, prevented him from taking active parts in politics. Before Edward\u2019s accession to the throne, he served as heir apparent and held the title of Prince of Wales for longer than any of his predecessors. He also had the titles of Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Duke of Saxony, but renounced to the succession rights to the German Duchy in 1863. His tour to India and the unknown way he treated people the same, regardless of their social status or colour, was at least supporting the idea of giving the title of Empress of India to his mother.<\/p>\n

Prince of the United Kingdom<\/strong><\/em>
\nPrince of Wales, Earl of Chester (since 1841)<\/strong><\/em>
\nDuke of Cornwall, Duke of Rothesay<\/strong><\/em>
\nHereditary Prince of the United Kingdom<\/strong><\/em>
\nPrince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duke of Saxony<\/strong><\/em>
\nEarl of Dublin (since 1850)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n

\n
\n

Alexandra<\/h3>\n

The Queen Dowager (1910 – 1925)<\/h4>\n
<\/div>\n

(Copenhagen, 1 December 1844 \u2013 in Sandringham House, Norfolk, 20 November 1925)<\/em>
\nAt the age of sixteen, Alexandra (Alexandra Caroline Marie Charlotte Louise Julia) was chosen to be the future wife of Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, heir apparent of Queen Victoria. The couple married in 1863, the year when Alexandra\u2019s father, Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gl\u00fccksburg, succeeded to the Danish crown. She was a devoted mother and was involved in charities and social activities.<\/p>\n

Princess of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gl\u00fccksburg<\/strong><\/em>
\nPrincess of Denmark (since 1852)<\/strong><\/em>
\nPrincess of Wales (1863 – 1901) <\/strong><\/em>
\nThe Queen of the United Kingdom \/ The Queen-Empress (1901 \u2013 1910)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n

\n
\n

George<\/h3>\n

George V King of the United Kingdom, Emperor of India (since 1910)<\/h4>\n
<\/div>\n2<\/span>\n

(Marlborough House, London, 3 June 1865 \u2013 Sandringham House, Norfolk, 20 January 1936)<\/em>
\nTravelling the world like his uncle Alfred, the Prince of Edinburgh and Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, it was not forecasted that George (George Frederick Ernest Albert) as the second eldest son of the Prince of Wales was going to become king one day. But on his father\u2019s death he succeeded in 1910. During his reign he had to face so many changes in the political scenery such as the decline of monarchy on the European continent and Russia together with the generation of socialism, communism, fascism and Irish nationalism or the efforts to independence of India and not to forget the First World War, which made enemies out of closely related persons, like the German emperor Wilhelm II, first cousin to him as well as to Tsar Nicholas II of Russia. As a result of the bloody war, he ordered by Letters Patent to change the name of his house from Saxe-Coburg and Gotha into Windsor. (KG, KT, KP, GCSI, GCMG, GCIE, GCVO, ISO, PC, FRS)<\/p>\n

Prince of the United Kingdom<\/strong><\/em>
\nPrince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duke of Saxony<\/strong><\/em>
\nThe Duke of York (since 1892)<\/strong><\/em>
\nThe Duke of Cornwall and York, Earl of Chester, The Prince of Wales, <\/strong><\/em>
\nThe Duke of Rothesay (since 1901)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n

<\/div>\n
\n
\n

Albert Victor<\/h3>\n

Duke of Clarence and Avondale (since 1890)<\/h4>\n
<\/div>\n1<\/span>\n

(Frogmore House, Berkshire, 8 January 1864 \u2013 Sandringham House, Norfolk, 14 January 1891)<\/em>
\nAlbert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale (Albert Victor Christian Edward), was the oldest son of Albert Edward, Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII), and heir apparent to the British throne. He was raised and educated with his younger brother George and was in the Navy until 1883. Shortly after his engagement (made at request of his grandmother Queen Victoria) to Princess Mary of Teck in 1891, he died of influenza. Two years later, the bride \u2013 Queen Victoria\u2019s favoured candidate \u2013 married his younger brother George, who became King George V.<\/p>\n

Prince of the United Kingdom<\/em><\/strong>
\nPrince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duke of Saxony<\/em><\/strong>
\nPrince of Wales<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n

\n
\n

Louise<\/h3>\n

The Princess Royal (since 1905)<\/h4>\n
<\/div>\n3<\/span>\n

(Marlborough House, London, 20 February 1867 \u2013 London, 4 January 1931)<\/em>
\nLouise (Louise Victoria Alexandra Dagmar) married her third cousin in descent from George III, the 6th Earl Fife, who was eighteen years her senior. Two days after the wedding, Queen Victoria made him Duke of Fife and Marquess of Macduff in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. This dukedom would normally be succeeded by male heirs, but as the first son was stillborn and the couple had only daughters, the Queen decided in 1900 that the peerages could be passed to the female heirs and then to their sons. (LJStJ, GCStJ)<\/p>\n

Princess of the United Kingdom<\/strong><\/em>
\nPrincess Louise of Wales (1867 \u2013 1889)<\/strong><\/em>
\nPrincess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duchess of Saxony<\/strong><\/em>
\nCountess Fife, Duchess of Fife (1889 – 1901)<\/strong><\/em>
\nThe Princess Louise, Duchess of Fife (1901 \u2013 1905)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n

\n
\n

Victoria<\/h3>\n

The Princess Victoria (since 1901)<\/h4>\n
<\/div>\n4<\/span>\n

(Marlborough House, London, 6 July 1868 \u2013 Coppins House, Iver, Buckinghamshire, 3 December 1935)<\/em>
\nVictoria (Victoria Alexandra Olga Mary) \u2013 her family called her Toria \u2013 abstained from marrying, possibly at the request of her mother. The most acceptable match would have been King Carlos I of Portugal, but she stayed with her parents and cared for her mother. Victoria was described as being particularly connected to her brother George, the future King George V.<\/p>\n

Princess of the United Kingdom<\/em><\/strong>
\nPrincess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duke of Saxony<\/em><\/strong>
\nPrincess Victoria of Wales<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n

<\/div>\n
\n
\n

Maud<\/h3>\n

The Queen of Norway (since 1905)<\/h4>\n
<\/div>\n5<\/span>\n

(Marlborough House, London, 26 November 1869 \u2013 20 November 1938)<\/em>
\nIn 1896, Maud (Maud Charlotte Mary Victoria) married her first cousin, Prince Carl of Denmark. He was a member of the House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gl\u00fccksburg and was to become the first King of Norway, called King Haakon VII. He was elected after dissolution of the union of more than 90 years with Sweden. Maud\u2019s royal British origin may have played a decisive role in favour of her husband\u2019s election. The coronation of King Haakon VII and Queen Maud in 1906 was the last in Scandinavia.<\/p>\n

Princess of the United Kingdom<\/strong><\/em>
\nPrincess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duke of Saxony<\/strong><\/em>
\nPrincess Maud of Wales<\/strong><\/em>
\nPrincess Carl of Denmark (since 1896)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n

\n
\n

Alexander John<\/h3>\n

Prince of Wales<\/h4>\n
<\/div>\n6<\/span>\n

(6 April 1871 \u2013 7 April 1871)<\/em>
\nAlexander was born prematurely and was christened privately the evening after his birth. He lived for only one day.<\/p>\n

Prince of the United Kingdom<\/strong><\/em>
\nPrince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duke of Saxony<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n

\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n

George V King of the United Kingdom<\/span>
\nand the British Dominions<\/span><\/h1>\n
<\/div>\n
\n
\n
<\/div>\n

George V King of the United Kingdom, Emperor of India (since 1910)<\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n

George<\/h3>\n

George V King of the United Kingdom, Emperor of India (since 1910)<\/h4>\n
<\/div>\n

(Marlborough House, London, 3 June 1865 \u2013 Sandringham House, Norfolk, 20 January 1936)<\/em>
\nTravelling the world like his uncle Alfred, the Prince of Edinburgh and Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, it was not forecasted that George (George Frederick Ernest Albert) as the second eldest son of the Prince of Wales was going to become king one day. But on his father\u2019s death he succeeded in 1910. During his reign he had to face so many changes in the political scenery such as the decline of monarchy on the European continent and Russia together with the generation of socialism, communism, fascism and Irish nationalism or the efforts to independence of India and not to forget the First World War, which made enemies out of closely related persons, like the German emperor Wilhelm II, first cousin to him as well as to Tsar Nicholas II of Russia. As a result of the bloody war, he ordered by Letters Patent to change the name of his house from Saxe-Coburg and Gotha into Windsor. (KG, KT, KP, GCSI, GCMG, GCIE, GCVO, ISO, PC, FRS)<\/p>\n

Prince of the United Kingdom<\/strong><\/em>
\nPrince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duke of Saxony<\/strong><\/em>
\nThe Duke of York (since 1892)<\/strong><\/em>
\nThe Duke of Cornwall and York, Earl of Chester, The Prince of Wales,\u00a0<\/strong><\/em>
\nThe Duke of Rothesay (since 1901)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n

\n
\n

Mary<\/h3>\n

Queen Mary (since 1936)<\/h4>\n
<\/div>\n

(Kensington Palace, London, 26 May 1867 \u2013 Marlborough House, London, 24 March 1953)<\/em>
\nMary (Victoria Maria Augusta Louise Olga Pauline Claudine Agnes) was chosen as a favourite bride for any grandson of Queen Victoria that was to become king. She was engaged to Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale, who died a few weeks after the engagement. She married George, his younger brother, the future King George V. She supported her husband through difficult years of war and societal changes. After his death, she supported her son, who became King Edward VIII, but she disapproved of his decision to abdicate so that he could marry the twice-divorced American Wallis Simpson, \u00a0she supported her next son, Albert, Duke of York. \u00a0He\u00a0ascended the throne on Edward\u2019s abdication, taking the name George VI. When he died in 1952, her oldest granddaughter Elizabeth ascended the throne. But Mary died shortly before her granddaughter\u2019s coronation as Queen Elizabeth II.<\/p>\n

Princess of Teck
\nPrincess of the United Kingdom (since 1893)<\/strong><\/em>
\nThe Duchess of York (since 1893)
\nThe Duchess of Cornwall and York (since 1901)
\nPrincess of Wales (1901 – 1910)
\nQueen of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, The Queen-Empress (since 1910)
\n<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n

\n
\n

Edward<\/h3>\n

Duke of Windsor (since 1936)<\/h4>\n
<\/div>\n1<\/span>\n

(White Lodge, London, 23 June 1894 \u2013 Paris, 28 May 1972)<\/em>
\nIn December 1936, Edward VIII (Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David) abdicated after a reign of less than one year. He was the oldest son of King George V and Queen Mary and was created\u00a0Prince of Wales on his sixteenth birthday. His abdication was necessary for political and religious reasons. He had decided to marry Wallis Simpson, an American woman who was once divorced and soon to be divorced of her second husband. Neither the politicians nor the Church of England, of which Edward was the head, would have tolerated this union. He had to spend the rest of his life more or less in exile and could only enter the United Kingdom when invited by the crown.<\/p>\n

Prince of the United Kingdom<\/strong><\/em>
\nPrince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duke of Saxony<\/strong><\/em>
\nDuke of Cornwall, Duke of Rothesay (since 1910)<\/strong><\/em>
\nPrince of Wales, Earl of Chester <\/strong><\/em>
\nEdward VIII King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, Emperor of India<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n

<\/div>\n
\n
\n

Albert<\/h3>\n

George VI King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth (1936 \u2013 1952)
\nHead of the Commonwealth (since 1948)<\/h4>\n
<\/div>\n2<\/span>\n

(York Cottage, Sandringham House, Norfolk, 14 December 1895 \u2013 Sandringham House, Norfolk, 6 February 1952)<\/em>
\nPrince Consort Albert (Albert Frederick Arthur George), was named after his great-grandfather because he was born on the anniversary of his death. When he inherited the throne, Albert chose the name George VI to recall his father\u2019s rule and to forget\u00a0the irritation\u00a0caused by his brother Edward. The new king faced difficult political changes: the separation of Ireland, the decline of the British Empire and its transition into the Commonwealth of Nations, and World War II with its implications on the United Kingdom. While his health was deteriorating, Princess Elizabeth, his oldest daughter and the heiress apparent, assumed royal duties and upon his death became Queen.<\/p>\n

Prince of the United Kingdom<\/strong><\/em>
\nPrince Albert of York<\/strong><\/em>
\nPrince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duke of Saxony <\/strong><\/em>
\nPrince Albert of Cornwall and York (since 1898)<\/strong><\/em>
\nThe Prince Albert of Wales (since 1901)<\/strong><\/em>
\nThe Duke of York, Earl of Inverness and Baron Killarney (1920 – 1936)<\/strong><\/em>
\nThe King-Emperor (1936 \u2013 1947)<\/strong><\/em>
\nEmperor of India (1936 \u2013 1948)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n

\n
\n

Mary<\/h3>\n

The Princess Royal (since 1932)<\/h4>\n
<\/div>\n3<\/span>\n

(York Cottage, Sandringham, 25 April 1897 \u2013 Harewood House, Yorkshire, 28 March 1965)<\/em>
\nPrincess Mary (Victoria Alexandra Alice Mary) is the great aunt of Prince Charles, the current heir apparent to the British throne. During her lifetime six different monarchs reigned. When she was nearly four years old, her great-grandmother, Queen Victoria, died and her grandfather Edward VII took over, followed by her father George V and her two brothers Edward VIII \u2013 with whom she was very close \u2013 and George VI. In 1952, she attended the coronation of her niece, Queen Elizabeth. In 1922, Princess Mary was married to Henry Charles George, Viscount Lascelles (1882 – 1947), with whom she had two sons. Her husband was the oldest son of Henry Lascelles, 5th Earl of Harewood, and Lady Florence Bridgeman, daughter of Orlando Bridgeman, 3rd Earl of Bradford of Weston Park. Princess Mary\u2019s public duties included promoting the Girl Guide movement, the Women\u2019s Services, nursing, and the British Red Cross.<\/p>\n

Princess of the United Kingdom<\/strong><\/em>
\nPrincess Mary of York, Princess Mary of Cornwall and York<\/strong><\/em>
\nPrincess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duchess of Saxony<\/strong><\/em>
\nPrincess Mary of Wales (1901 \u2013 1910)<\/strong><\/em>
\nThe Princess Mary (1910 \u2013 1922)<\/strong><\/em>
\nThe Princess Mary, Viscountess Lascelles (1922 \u2013 1929)<\/strong><\/em>
\nCountess of Harewood (1929 \u2013 1932)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n

\n
\n

Henry<\/h3>\n

Duke of Gloucester, Earl of Ulster, Baron Culloden (since 1928)<\/h4>\n
<\/div>\n4<\/span>\n

(York Cottage, Sandringham, 31 March 1900 \u2013 Barnwell Manor, Northamptonshire, 10 June 1974)<\/em>
\nHenry (Henry William Frederick Albert) went to school in Eton, where he lived in the same house as Crown Prince L\u00e9opold of Belgium, King L\u00e9opold III. Unlike his older brothers, he joined the Army rather than the Royal Navy. He married Lady Alice Christabel Montagu Douglas Scott, a daughter of John Montagu Douglas Scott, 7th Duke of Buccleuch. The couple had two sons. In 1936, Henry was appointed potential regent for the heir apparent of Princess Elizabeth, when her father ascended the throne. He was appointed the 11th Governor General of Australia in 1945 and remained in office until 1947. (KG, KT, KP, GCB, GCMG, GCVO)<\/p>\n

Prince of the United Kingdom<\/em><\/strong>
\nPrince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duke of Saxony (till 1917)<\/em><\/strong>
\nPrince Henry of Wales (1901 \u2013 1910)<\/em><\/strong>
\nThe\u00a0Prince Henry (1910 \u2013 1928)<\/em><\/strong>
\nDuke of Gloucester (since 1928)<\/em><\/strong>
\nGovernor General of Australia (1945 \u2013 1947)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n

<\/div>\n
\n
\n

George<\/h3>\n

Duke of Kent, Earl of Saint Andrews, Baron Downpatrick (since 1934)<\/h4>\n
<\/div>\n5<\/span>\n

(York Cottage, Sandringham Estate, 20 December 1902 – Morven, Scotland 25 August 1942)<\/em>
\nGeorge (George Edward Alexander Edmund) attended Preparatory School at Broadstairs in Kent like his brother Prince Henry, the later Duke of Gloucester, but continued his education at a naval college. He remained in the Royal Navy until 1929. He became the first member of the royals in Britain to work as a civil servant in both the Foreign and Home Offices. In 1934, he married his second cousin, Princess Marina of Greece and Denmark, daughter of Prince Nicholas of Greece and Denmark. They had three children. In 1940, at the outbreak of World War II, he returned to active military service in the Royal Air Force. In 1942 he died in a military air-crash. (KG, KT, GCMG, GCVO)<\/p>\n

Prince of the United Kingdom<\/em><\/strong>
\nPrince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duke of Saxony (till 1917)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n

\n
\n

John<\/h3>\n

Prince of the United Kingdom<\/h4>\n
<\/div>\n6<\/span>\n

(York Cottage, Sandringham, 12 July 1905 \u2013 Wood Cottage, Sandringham, 18 January 1919)<\/em>
\nJohn (John Charles Francis) was the youngest child and fifth son of King George V and his wife, Mary of Teck. He suffered from epilepsy and died two months after the end of the World War I, at the age of thirteen.<\/p>\n

Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duke of Saxony
\n<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n

\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n

Edward VIII<\/span><\/h1>\n

King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions<\/span><\/h2>\n
<\/div>\n
\n
\n
<\/div>\n

King Edward VIII<\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n

Edward<\/h3>\n

Duke of Windsor (since 1936)<\/h4>\n
<\/div>\n1<\/span>\n

(White Lodge, London, 23 June 1894 \u2013 Paris, 28 May 1972)<\/em>
\nIn December 1936, Edward VIII (Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David) abdicated after a reign of less than one year. He was the oldest son of King George V and Queen Mary and\u00a0was created\u00a0Prince of Wales on his sixteenth birthday. His abdication was necessary for political and religious reasons. He had decided to marry Wallis Simpson, an American woman who was once divorced and soon to be divorced of her second husband. Neither the politicians nor the Church of England, of which Edward was the head, would have tolerated this union. He had to spend the rest of his life more or less in exile and could only enter the United Kingdom when invited by the crown.<\/p>\n

Prince of the United Kingdom<\/strong><\/em>
\nPrince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duke of Saxony<\/strong><\/em>
\nDuke of Cornwall, Duke of Rothesay (since 1910)<\/strong><\/em>
\nPrince of Wales, Earl of Chester\u00a0<\/strong><\/em>
\nEdward VIII King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, Emperor of India<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n

\n
\n

Wallis<\/h3>\n

Duchess of Windsor<\/h4>\n

(Blue Ridge Summit, USA, 19 June 1896 \u2013 Paris, 24 April 1986)<\/em>
\nWallis, Duchess of Windsor (previously, Wallis Spencer, born Bessie Wallis Warfield) was an American socialite. When she met Prince Edward, then heir apparent, she was already divorced and in the process of divorcing her second husband. Edward\u2019s wish to marry a woman with two living ex-husbands threatened to cause a constitutional crisis in Britain. King Edward VIII decided to abdicate in order to marry her. Edward was made Duke of Windsor by his successor King George VI. The couple lived a life of leisure, belonging to the Jet Set or Caf\u00e9 Society of the \u201cbeautiful people\u201d at the most popular places in Europe and the United States.<\/p>\n

Wallis Simpson<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n

\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n

George VI<\/span><\/h1>\n

King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions
\n<\/span><\/h2>\n
<\/div>\n
\n
\n
<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n

Albert<\/h3>\n

George VI King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth (1936 \u2013 1952)
\nHead of the Commonwealth (since 1948)<\/h4>\n
<\/div>\n2<\/span>\n

(York Cottage, Sandringham House, Norfolk, 14 December 1895 \u2013 Sandringham House, Norfolk, 6 February 1952)<\/em>
\nPrince Consort Albert (Albert Frederick Arthur George), was named after his great-grandfather because he was born on the anniversary of his death. When he inherited the throne, Albert chose the name George VI to recall his father\u2019s rule and to forget\u00a0the irritation\u00a0caused by his brother Edward. The new king faced difficult political changes: the separation of Ireland, the decline of the British Empire and its transition into the Commonwealth of Nations, and World War II with its implications on the United Kingdom. While his health was deteriorating, Princess Elizabeth, his oldest daughter and the heiress apparent, assumed royal duties and upon his death became Queen.<\/p>\n

Prince of the United Kingdom<\/strong><\/em>
\nPrince Albert of York<\/strong><\/em>
\nPrince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duke of Saxony\u00a0<\/strong><\/em>
\nPrince Albert of Cornwall and York (since 1898)<\/strong><\/em>
\nThe Prince Albert of Wales (since 1901)<\/strong><\/em>
\nThe Duke of York, Earl of Inverness and Baron Killarney (1920 – 1936)<\/strong><\/em>
\nThe King-Emperor (1936 \u2013 1947)<\/strong><\/em>
\nEmperor of India (1936 \u2013 1948)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n

\n
\n

Elizabeth<\/h3>\n

The Queen Mother (1952 \u2013 2002)<\/h4>\n
<\/div>\n

(London or Hitchin, 4 August 1900 \u2013 Royal Lodge, Windsor, Berkshire, 30 March 2002)<\/em>
\nElizabeth (Angela Marguerite Bowes-Lyon) was the ninth of ten children of Claude Bowes-Lyon, Lord Glamis (later the 14th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne in the Peerage of Scotland), and his wife, Cecilia Cavendish-Bentinck. Elizabeth\u2019s mother was a descendant of three British Prime Ministers: William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland and Governor General of India, and Richard Wellesley, 1st Marquess Wellesley, who was the older brother of another Prime Minister, Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington. It took Albert three proposals before Elizabeth agreed to marry him. His freedom in choosing Elizabeth, the daughter of a peer, and not a member of a royal family, was considered to be a step toward liberalisation. Previously, princes were expected to marry princesses from other royal families. Elizaebeth became a very popular member of the royal family and died at the age of 101, a few months after her second daughter, Margaret.<\/p>\n

Elizabeth Bowes-Lion<\/strong><\/em>
\nLady Elizabeth Bowes-Lion (1904 \u2013 1923)<\/strong><\/em>
\nThe Duchess of York (1923 \u2013 1936)<\/strong><\/em>
\nThe Queen (1936 \u2013 1952), The Queen-Empress (1936 \u2013 1947)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n

\n
\n

Elizabeth<\/h3>\n

Elizabeth II Queen of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth Realms (1952 – 2022)<\/h4>\n
<\/div>\n1<\/span>\n

(Mayfair, London, 21 April 1926)<\/em>
\nElizabeth (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary) became heir apparent to the British throne when her father King Georg V succeeded to the throne in 1936 on the abdication of his brother Edward. Elizabeth was brought up and educated with the expectation of being the Head of State of the United Kingdom as well as 15 other sovereign states \u2013 the Commonwealth realms. In 1947, she married Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. When her father died in 1952, she became Queen at the age of 25. During her sixty-one year reign, there have been quite a few changes\u00a0in politics, economics, lifestyle, and society. Hopefully Queen Elisabeth II will surpass the 63-year reign that Queen Victoria enjoyed.<\/p>\n

Princess of the United Kingdom
\nHeiress apparent (since 1936)
\n<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n

<\/div>\n
\n
\n

Margaret<\/h3>\n

Countess of Snowdon (since 1961)<\/h4>\n
<\/div>\n2<\/span>\n

(Glamis Castle, Scotland, 21 August 1930 \u2013 London, 9 February 2002)<\/em>
\nMargaret (Margaret Rose) was the younger sister of Queen Elizabeth II. The two sisters spent much of their childhood together, and the relatively small family was close. When she grew up, she fell in love with Peter Townsend, a married Group Captain. After his divorce he proposed to the Princess, but the Church of England refused to approve the marriage because of his divorce. In 1960, Margaret accepted the proposal of Antony Armstrong-Jones, a well-known photographer. The couple had two children, but divorced in 1978. During the last two decades, Margaret has suffered from various health disabilities, particularly pulmonary illnesses, as she was a heavy smoker like her father. (CI GCVO GCStJ)<\/p>\n

Princess of the United Kingdom
\n<\/em><\/strong>Princess Margaret of York
\n<\/em><\/strong>The Princess Margaret (since 1936)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n

\n<\/div><\/div>\n
\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

Elizabeth II<\/span><\/h1>\n

Queen of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth Realms<\/span><\/h2>\n
<\/div>\n
\n
\n
<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n

Elizabeth<\/h3>\n

Elizabeth II Queen of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth Realms (1952 – 2022)<\/h4>\n
<\/div>\n

(Mayfair, London, 21 April 1926)<\/em>
\nElizabeth (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary) became heir apparent to the British throne when her father King Georg V succeeded to the throne in 1936 on the abdication of his brother Edward. Elizabeth was brought up and educated with the expectation of being the Head of State of the United Kingdom as well as 15 other sovereign states \u2013 the Commonwealth realms. In 1947, she married Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. When her father died in 1952, she became Queen at the age of 25. During her sixty-one year reign,\u00a0there have been quite a few changes\u00a0in politics, economics, lifestyle, and society. Hopefully Queen Elisabeth II will surpass the 63-year reign that Queen Victoria enjoyed.<\/p>\n

Princess of the United Kingdom
\nHeiress apparent (since 1936)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n

\n
\n

Philip<\/h3>\n

The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (1957 – 2021)<\/h4>\n
<\/div>\n

(Mon Repos, Corfu, Greece, 10 June 1921)<\/em>
\nPrince Philip was born the only son of Prince Andrew of Greece. Philip was a great-grandson of King Christian IX of Denmark. His family was exiled from Greece when he was a baby. He had a well-rounded education in France, England, Germany, and Scotland. He joined the British Royal Navy in 1939 at the age of 18, and stayed active until 1951. Princess Elizabeth, whom he first met in 1934 at the request of her parents, was his third cousin. After the war, Philip was allowed by George VI to marry Elizabeth. He renounced his Greek and Danish royal titles, converted from Greek Orthodox to the Anglican Church, and became a naturalised British subject. From his maternal grandparents he took the name of Mountbatten. Shortly before the marriage in 1947, his father-in-law granted him the title Duke of Edinburgh. His wife, the Queen, made him a Prince of the United Kingdom in 1957. Philip is the longest-serving and oldest spouse of a reigning British monarch and male member of the British royal family. (KG, KT, OM, ONZ, GBE, AC, QSO, GCL, CC, CMM, PC, PC, ADC (P))<\/p>\n

Prince of the United Kingdom<\/strong><\/em>
\n Prince of Greece and Denmark<\/strong><\/em>
\n Philip Mountbatten<\/strong><\/em>
\n Duke of Edinburgh (since 1947)<\/strong><\/em>
\n Earl of Merioneth and Baron Greenwich (since 1947)<\/strong><\/em>
\nPrince of the United Kingdom (since 1957)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n

\n
\n

Charles III<\/h3>\n

King of the United Kingdom and the\u00a0 Commonwealth (since 2022)<\/span><\/h4>\n
<\/div>\n1<\/span>\n

(Buckingham Palace, London, 14 November 1948)<\/em>
\nCharles (Charles Philip Arthur George) is the longest-serving heir apparent in British history, as he has been holding this position since 1952, when his mother ascended the throne. He is also the oldest heir to the throne since 1714. After he acquired a bachelor\u2019s degree at Trinity College, Cambridge, he served in the Royal Navy until 1976. In 1981 he married Lady Diana Spencer. In 1996, the couple divorced. In 2005, eight years after the death of Diana in a car crash, he married his long-term intimate friend,\u00a0Camilla Parker Bowles, in a civil ceremony. His royal duties include representing the Queen by welcoming dignitaries to the United Kingdom and attending State dinners. The Prince often represents the Head of State and the United Kingdom overseas at state and ceremonial occasions such as state weddings and funerals. His interests include organic farming and environmental problems, architecture, conservation of historic buildings, and philosophical aspects of life. He used to be\u00a0a passionate polo player and is known for his love of horses and riding. (KG, KT, GCB, OM, AK, QSO, PC, ADC)<\/p>\n

Prince of the United Kingdom <\/strong><\/em>
\nEarl of Chester, Duke of Cornwall, Duke of Rothesay, Earl of Carrick<\/strong><\/em>
\nBaron of Renfrew, Lord of the Isles<\/strong><\/em>
\nPrince and Great Steward of Scotland
\n<\/strong><\/em>Prince of Wales (since 1958 resp. 1969)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n

<\/div>\n
\n
\n

Anne<\/h3>\n

Princess Royal<\/h4>\n
<\/div>\n2<\/span>\n

(Clarence House, London, 15 August 1950)<\/em>
\nAnne (Anne Elizabeth Alice Louise) was raised by a governess and attended several schools in Great Britain and abroad. Since 1969 she has engaged in public duties, often accompanied by her parents. She has become an expert in horseback riding and was the first member of the British Royal Family to represent her country in the Olympic Games. In 1973, Princess Anne married Mark Phillips, a lieutenant in the 1st Queen\u2019s Dragoon Guards, with whom she has two children. The couple divorced in 1992. At the end of 1992 she married Vice-Admiral Sir Timothy Laurence. The Princess Royal takes part in more than 600 official engagements each year, both in the United Kingdom and overseas, and participates in a broad range of welfare and social organisations. (KG KT GCVO)<\/p>\n

Princess of the United Kingdom<\/strong><\/em>
\nPrincess Anne of Edinburgh<\/strong><\/em>
\nThe Princess Anne (since 1952)<\/strong><\/em>
\nThe Princess Anne, Mrs. Mark Phillips (since 1973) <\/strong><\/em>
\nThe Princess Royal (since 1987)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n

\n
\n

Andrew<\/h3>\n

Duke of York (since 1986)<\/h4>\n
<\/div>\n3<\/span>\n

(Buckingham Palace, London, 19 February 1960)<\/em>
\nAndrew (Andrew Albert Christian Edward), the second son and third child of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, chose to start a military career by entering the Britannia Royal Naval College at Dartmouth. During the Falkland War with Argentina in 1982, he served as a helicopter co-pilot on board the Invincible of the Royal Navy task force. He was trained to fly helicopters, and served as a flight commander at the British Ministry of Defense and as an officer of the Diplomatic Directorate of the Naval Staff. He ended his naval career on his 50th birthday as an Honorary Rear Admiral. Andrew now promotes British businesses as a Special Representative for International Trade and Investment . In 1986 her married Sarah Ferguson, but they divorced ten years later after having two children. (KG GCVO ADC (P))<\/p>\n

Prince of the United Kingdom<\/em><\/strong>
\nEarl of Inverness, and Baron Killyleagh<\/em><\/strong>
\nThe\u00a0Prince Andrew<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n

\n
\n

Edward<\/h3>\n

The Earl of Wessex (since 1999)<\/h4>\n
<\/div>\n4<\/span>\n

(Buckingham Palace, London, 10 March 1964)<\/em>
\nEdward (Edward Antony Richard Louis) studied history at Cambridge University and entered the Royal Marines, but a few months later left to pursue a career in entertainment. In 1993 he formed Ardent Productions. In 1996 the company produced a documentary on his great-uncle, the Duke of Windsor, the former King Edward VIII. The enterprise was liquidated in 2009. In 1994 he married Sophie Rhys-Jones, then a public relations executive with her own business. They have two children. As his father the Duke of Edinburgh has gotten older, Edward has taken on some of his royal duties. (KG GCVO ADC (P))<\/p>\n

Prince of the United Kingdom<\/strong><\/em>
\nThe Prince Edward<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n

<\/div>\n

Charles III<\/span><\/h1>\n

King of the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n
<\/div>\n
\n
\n
<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n

Charles III<\/h3>\n

King of the United Kingdom and the\u00a0 Commonwealth
\n<\/span> (since 1958 resp. 1969)<\/h4>\n
<\/div>\n1<\/span>\n

(Buckingham Palace, London, 14 November 1948)<\/em>
\nCharles (Charles Philip Arthur George) is the longest-serving heir apparent in British history, as he has been holding this position since 1952, when his mother ascended the throne. He is also the oldest heir to the throne since 1714. After he acquired a bachelor\u2019s degree at Trinity College, Cambridge, he served in the Royal Navy until 1976. In 1981 he married Lady Diana Spencer. In 1996, the couple divorced. In 2005, eight years after the death of Diana in a car crash, he married his long-term intimate friend, Camilla Parker Bowles,\u00a0Camilla Parker Bowles in a civil ceremony. His royal duties include representing the Queen by welcoming dignitaries to the United Kingdom and attending State dinners. The Prince often represents the Head of State and the United Kingdom overseas at state and ceremonial occasions such as state weddings and funerals. His interests include organic farming and environmental problems, architecture, conservation of historic buildings, and philosophical aspects of life. He used to be\u00a0a passionate polo player and is known for his love of horses and riding. (KG, KT, GCB, OM, AK, QSO, PC, ADC)<\/p>\n

Prince of the United Kingdom\u00a0<\/strong><\/em>
\nEarl of Chester, Duke of Cornwall, Duke of Rothesay, Earl of Carrick<\/strong><\/em>
\nBaron of Renfrew, Lord of the Isles<\/strong><\/em>
\nPrince and Great Steward of Scotland<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n

\n
\n

Diana<\/h3>\n

Princess of Wales (1961 – 1997)<\/h4>\n
<\/div>\n1<\/span><\/span>\n

(Park House, Sandringham, Norfolk, England, 1 July 1961 \u2013 Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re Hospital, Paris, France, 31 August 1997)<\/em>
\nDiana (Diana Frances Spencer) was born into an aristocratic English family with royal ancestry. She was the fourth child of John Spencer, Viscount Althorp, and his first wife, the Honorable Frances Roche, daughter of the 4th Baron Fermoy. With the engagement and marriage to the Prince of Wales, Diana found herself exposed to a permanent flurry of flashbulbs and public interest. She used this worldwide media attention to benefit her fundraising work for charities. She was very fond of children and had two sons, but her marriage was not a happy one and ended in divorce in 1996. During her final year, Diana supported the International Campaign to Ban Land Mines, a campaign that won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1997. Diana died in a car crash in Paris a few months before the Nobel Peace Prize ceremony.<\/p>\n

The Honourable Diana Spencer
\n<\/strong><\/em>Lady Diana Spencer (since 1975)
\n<\/strong><\/em>Princess of Wales, Duchess of Cornwall, Duchess of Rothesay, Countess of Chester and Baroness of Renfrew (since 1981)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Issue:<\/em><\/p>\n

William Duke of Cambridge, Earl of Strathearn and Baron Carrickfergus (since 2012)
\n<\/strong><\/em>Harry Prince of Wales<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n

\n
\n

Camilla<\/h3>\n

The Queen Consert<\/span><\/h4>\n
<\/div>\n2<\/span><\/span>\n

(King\u2019s College Hospital, London, 17 July 1947)<\/em>
\nCamilla (Camilla Rosemary Shand) is the oldest child of Major Bruce Shand and his wife, the Honorable Rosalind Cubitt, the daughter of the 3rd Baron Ashcombe. She was raised in East Sussex, a county in southeast England, and was educated in England, Switzerland, and France. In 1973, she married British Army officer Andrew Parker Bowles, with whom she has two children and five grandchildren. The couple divorced in 1995, shortly after Andrew retired from the army. In 2005 she married Charles Prince of Wales, whom she has known and had a controversial relationship with for many years. She is styled \u201cDuchess of Cornwall\u201d and \u201cDuchess of Rothesay\u201d through her husband\u2019s designations. (GCVO CSM)<\/p>\n

Miss Camilla Rosemary Shand
\n<\/em><\/strong>Mrs. Andrew Parker Bowles (since 1973)
\n<\/em><\/strong>Mrs. Camilla Parker Bowles (since 1995)
\n<\/em><\/strong>The Duchess of Cornwall (since 2005)<\/strong><\/em>
\nThe Duchess of Rothesay (since 2005)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n

<\/div>\n
\n
\n

William<\/h3>\n

Duke of Cornwall (since 2022)<\/span><\/h4>\n
<\/div>\n1<\/span>\n

(St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, Paddington, London, 21 June 1982)<\/em>
\nWilliam (William Arthur Philip Louis) was educated at Eton College, contrary to the family tradition of sending royal children to Gordonstoun in Scotland (where Prince Philip, Prince Charles, two uncles, and two cousins had gone). The idea is presumed to have originated with the Spencer family, as Diana\u2019s father and brother had attended Eton. After obtaining his degree at the University of Saint Andrews, William spent some time in Chile and several African countries. He trained as a pilot, earning his wings at the Royal Air Force College Cranwell, and went on to become a full-time pilot with the Search and Rescue Force where he served more than seven and a half years. In 2011 he married Catherine Middleton. One year later their son Prince George of Cambridge was born. (KG KT ADC (P)<\/p>\n

Prince of the United Kingdom
\n<\/strong><\/em>Duke of Cambridge (since 2012)<\/strong><\/em>
\nEarl of Strathearn and Baron Carrickfergus (since 2012)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n

\n
\n

Harry<\/h3>\n

Prince of Wales<\/h4>\n
<\/div>\n2<\/span>\n

(St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, Paddington, London, 15. September 1984)<\/em>
\nHarry (Harry Charles Albert David), also called Prince Harry, accompanied his parents on official visits to many countries abroad. He attended Eton College like his brother, and spent a year in Australia and Africa. He passed two A-levels and was qualified to apply for an officer commission in the British Army. In 2013, after rigorous training and a deployment to Afghanistan, the Ministry of Defense announced that Prince Harry qualified as an Apache Aircraft Commander. Like his brother William, Prince Harry engages in charity work and fulfills royal duties on behalf of his grandmother, the Queen, and his father, the Prince of Wales.<\/p>\n

Prince of the United Kingdom<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n

\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n

William<\/span><\/h1>\n

HRH Duke of Cornwall<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n
<\/div>\n
\n
\n
<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n

William<\/h3>\n

Duke of Cornwall (since 2022)<\/span><\/h4>\n
<\/div>\n

(St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, Paddington, London, 21 June 1982)<\/em>
\nWilliam (William Arthur Philip Louis) was educated at Eton College, contrary to the family tradition of sending royal children to Gordonstoun in Scotland (where Prince Philip, Prince Charles, two uncles, and two cousins had gone). The idea is presumed to have originated with the Spencer family, as Diana\u2019s father and brother had attended Eton. After obtaining his degree at the University of Saint Andrews, William spent some time in Chile and several African countries. He trained as a pilot, earning his wings at the Royal Air Force College Cranwell, and went on to become a full-time pilot with the Search and Rescue Force where he served more than seven and a half years. In 2011 he married Catherine Middleton. One year later their son Prince George of Cambridge was born. (KG KT ADC (P)<\/p>\n

Prince of the United Kingdom
\n<\/strong><\/em>Duke of Cambridge (since 2012)<\/strong><\/em>
\nEarl of Strathearn and Baron Carrickfergus (since 2012)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n

\n
\n

Catherine<\/h3>\n

Duchess of Cornwall (since 2022)<\/span><\/h4>\n
<\/div>\n

(Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading, Berkshire, 9 January 1982)<\/em>
\nCatherine (Catherine Elizabeth) is the oldest of three children born to Michael Middleton and his wife Carole Goldsmith, two former flight attendants, now flight dispatchers for British Airways. \u201cKate\u201d studied art history in Scotland at the University of Saint Andrews, where she met William in 2001. Their engagement was announced on 16 November 2010. Afterwards Kate attended many high-profile royal events before marrying William on 29 April 2011 at Westminster Abbey. Time magazine ranked Kate as one of the 100 Most Influential People in the World. On 22 July 2013 she gave birth to Prince George of Cambridge.<\/p>\n

Catherine Middleton
\n<\/strong><\/em>Duchess of Cambridge (since 2012)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n

\n
\n

George<\/h3>\n

Prince of Cambridge<\/h4>\n
<\/div>\n1<\/span>\n

(St Mary\u2019s Hospital, London, 22 July 2013)<\/em>
\nGeorge (George Alexander Louis) is third in line to succeed his great-grandmother, Queen Elizabeth II, after his grandfather and father.<\/p>\n

Prince of the United Kingdom<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n

\n
\n

Charlotte<\/h3>\n

Charlotte Duchess of Edinburgh<\/span><\/h4>\n
<\/div>\n2<\/span>\n

(St Mary\u2019s Hospital, London, 2 May\u00a02015)<\/em>
\nCharlotte (Charlotte Elizabeth Diana) is fourth\u00a0in line to succeed her great-grandmother, Queen Elizabeth II, after her grandfather and father.<\/p>\n

Princess of the United Kingdom
\n<\/strong><\/em>Princess of Cambridge<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n

\n
\n

Louis<\/h3>\n

Prince of Cambridge<\/h4>\n
<\/div>\n3<\/span>\n

(St Mary\u2019s Hospital, London, 23 April 2018)<\/em>
\nLouis (Arthur Charles)\u00a0<\/span>is the third and youngest child and second son of\u00a0<\/span>Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, and\u00a0<\/span>Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge. He is fifth in the\u00a0<\/span>line of succession to the British throne.<\/span><\/p>\n

Prince of the United Kingdom<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n

\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n
\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The first Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha was Ernst I, who ruled the duchy from 1826 until his death in 1844. He had previously been Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (as Ernst III) from 1806 until the duchy was reorganized in 1826. Ernst\u2019s younger brother L\u00e9opold became…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"yoast_head":"\nSCG - UNITED KINGDOM - Prince Andreas of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prinzandreas.com\/scg-united-kingdom\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"SCG - UNITED KINGDOM - Prince Andreas of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The first Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha was Ernst I, who ruled the duchy from 1826 until his death in 1844. He had previously been Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (as Ernst III) from 1806 until the duchy was reorganized in 1826. Ernst\u2019s younger brother L\u00e9opold became...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/prinzandreas.com\/scg-united-kingdom\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Prince Andreas of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-03-25T23:05:51+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"43 minutes\" \/>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"SCG - UNITED KINGDOM - Prince Andreas of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/prinzandreas.com\/scg-united-kingdom\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"SCG - UNITED KINGDOM - Prince Andreas of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha","og_description":"The first Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha was Ernst I, who ruled the duchy from 1826 until his death in 1844. He had previously been Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (as Ernst III) from 1806 until the duchy was reorganized in 1826. Ernst\u2019s younger brother L\u00e9opold became...","og_url":"https:\/\/prinzandreas.com\/scg-united-kingdom\/","og_site_name":"Prince Andreas of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha","article_modified_time":"2024-03-25T23:05:51+00:00","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"43 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/prinzandreas.com\/scg-united-kingdom\/","url":"https:\/\/prinzandreas.com\/scg-united-kingdom\/","name":"SCG - UNITED KINGDOM - Prince Andreas of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/prinzandreas.com\/#website"},"datePublished":"2013-10-22T02:22:00+00:00","dateModified":"2024-03-25T23:05:51+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/prinzandreas.com\/scg-united-kingdom\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/prinzandreas.com\/scg-united-kingdom\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/prinzandreas.com\/scg-united-kingdom\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/prinzandreas.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"SCG – UNITED KINGDOM"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/prinzandreas.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/prinzandreas.com\/","name":"Prince Andreas of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/prinzandreas.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prinzandreas.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1751"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prinzandreas.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prinzandreas.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prinzandreas.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prinzandreas.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1751"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/prinzandreas.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1751\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2401,"href":"https:\/\/prinzandreas.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1751\/revisions\/2401"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prinzandreas.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1751"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}